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New Formula Standard For Kilogram Soon In India

बदलाव: किलोग्राम का नया मानक 20 मई से लागू होगा



सरकार किलोग्राम की नई परिभाषा के मुताबिक इसका नया प्रोटोटाइप अर्थात मूल नमूना तैयार करेगी। नए नमूने से ही पूरे देश में किलोग्राम का वजन तय किया जाएगा। उपभोक्ता मंत्रालय का कहना है कि नए मानक के अनुसार किलोग्राम का वजन 20 मई 2019 से लागू हो जाएगा। इससे किलोग्राम के वजन में मामूली बदलाव आ सकता है, लेकिन रोजमर्रा की जिंदगी पर इसका खास असर नहीं पड़ेगा। 

क्यों बदली परिभाषा
अभी तक किलोग्राम का मानक या परिभाषा इसके द्रव्यमान पर आधारित थी। पूरी दुनिया में किलोग्राम का वजन फ्रांस के इंटरनेशनल ब्यूरो ऑफ वेट्स एडं मेजर्स (बीआईपीएम) की तिजोरी में रखे सिलेंडरनुमा एक बाट से तय किया जाता है। यह 90 फीसदी प्लेटिनम और 10 प्रतिशत इरिडियम से बना है। यह बीआईपीएम की तिजोरी में 1889 से बंद है। पूरी दुनिया 130 साल बाद किलोग्राम को बदल रही है, क्योंकि बीआईपीएम में रखे मानक सिलेंडर का वजन घट रहा है।
क्या होगी नई परिभाषा
किलोग्राम की नई परिभाषा भौतिक स्थिरांक पर आधारित है। इसमें वजन तय करने के लिए धातु की बजाय विद्युत धारा (करंट) को आधार बनाया गया है। नई परिभाषा के जरिये किलोग्राम के 10 करोड़वें हिस्से को भी मापा जा सकता है। इससे दवाओं और बहुमूल्य धातुओं का सटीक वजन करने में बहुत सहायता मिलेगी। नैनो टेक्नोलॉजी के लिए भी यह काफी कारगर रहेगी। पिछले साल नवंबर में 50 से अधिक देशों ने किलोग्राम की नई परिभाषा को मंजूरी दी थी।

THE ORIGINAL KILOGRAM IS KEPT UNDER GUARD IN SÈVRES, FRANCE. IT IS BASED ON THE WEIGHT OF A LITER OF PURE WATER.


Every kilo you’ve ever encountered is based on a little piece of metal in the town of Sèvres, France. In 1799, one kilogram was defined as the mass of one liter of water at 4°C, but 90 years later, traders and scientists needed a more stable standard, and the International Prototype Kilogram was born. About as big as a hen's egg, the original kilo was cast in platinum-iridium alloy, polished and honed, then locked in the basement of the Bureau international des poids et mesures in Sèvres, kept in an environmentally controlled chamber under three bell jars that can only be opened with three keys kept by three different people. Every 50 years, it is removed from its vault and compared to six sister copies, which are used as models for 34 replicas kept around the world. 
But the original kilo is shrinking. When last measured it had lost 50 micrograms – roughly the weight of a grain of sand – and no one knows why. The difference is tiny, but much of the metric system hangs in the balance. Pressure, temperature, voltage: all are measured in relation to kilograms. And if the original has changed, then every other kilogram is now slightly heavier than it should be.

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